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The Empire State Building

History
The Empire State Building
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic
New Mark York
Location:
350 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10 118
United States
Coordinates:
404,454.36 735,908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333,-73.9856556Coordinates: 404,454.36 735,908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333, -73.9856556
Architect:
Shreve, Lamb and Harmon
Architectural style (s):
Art Deco
Added to NRHP:
November 17, 1982
Designated NHL:
June 24, 1986
Designated NYCL:
May 19, 1981
NRHP Reference #:
82001192
The site of the Empire State Building was first developed as the John Thomson Farm in the 18th century. At that time, a stream ran through the site, emptying into Sunfish Pond, located one block away. From the late 19th century the block was occupied by the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, Four popular among the social elite of New York.
Design and construction
The Empire State Building was designed by William F. Lamb of your company architects Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, which produced the construction drawings in just two weeks, with the first designs for the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and the Carew Tower in Cincinnati, Ohio (designed by the architectural firm WW Ahlschlager & Associates) as a basis. Each year the staff of the Empire State Building sent a Father's Day card with the staff at the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem to honor their role as a forerunner of the Empire State Building. The building was designed from the top down. The general contractors were Starrett Brothers and Eken, and the project was funded primarily by John J. Raskob and Pierre S. du Pont. The company Construction was led by Alfred E. Smith, a former governor of New York and General James Farley Builders Supply Corporation provides construction materials. John W. Bowser was responsible for construction.
A bolt beams during construction workers, the Chrysler Building can be seen in the background.
Excavation Site began on January 22, 1930, and the construction of the building itself started symbolically on March 17t.Patrick 's Dayer influence of Al Smith as the Empire State Inc. president. The project involved 3,400 workers, mostly immigrants from Europe, along with hundreds of Mohawk iron workers, many from the reserve Kahnawake, near Montreal. According to official accounts, five workers died during construction. Governor Smith's grandchildren cut the ribbon May 1, 1931. Lewis Hine Wickes photograph of the construction not only provides valuable documentation of the construction, but also a look at the common day life for workers at that time. In particular, the photo of a worker climbing a cable stay is the talisman of the era and the building itself.
The construction was part intense competition in New York for the title of "The tallest building in the world." Two other projects fighting for the title, 40 Wall Street and the building Chrysler, were still under construction when he began working at the Empire State Building. Each held the title for less than a year as the Empire State Building exceeded its completion, only 410 days after construction begins. The building was officially opened on May 1, 1931 in dramatic fashion, when U.S. President Herbert Hoover turned on the lights in the building at the touch of a button in Washington, DC Ironically, the first use of lights top of the Empire State Building tower, the following year, was for the purpose of signaling the victory of Franklin D. Roosevelt in Hoover in the November presidential election 1932.
Opening
The building's opening coincided with the Great Depression in the United States, and as a result much of its office space was not being rented. vacant building was aggravated by their poor location on 34th Street, which it placed relatively far from public transportation, including Grand Central Terminal, the Port Authority Bus Terminal, Penn Station is several blocks away. Another most successful skyscrapers like the Chrysler Building does not have this problem. In its first year of operation, the observation platform occurs in approximately $ 2 million, as much money as its owners made in rent that year. The lack of tenants Yorkers led to deride the building as the construction of "vacuum state." The building would become profitable until 1950. The famous 1951 sale of the building Empire Roger L. State Stevens and his business partner was managed by the prominent Manhattan real estate firm Charles F. Noyes & Company for a record $ 51 million. At that time, That was the highest price ever paid for a single structure in the history of real estate.
Dirigible (airship) terminal
Deco building distinctive Arts Tower was originally designed to be a mooring mast for dirigibles and deposit. The 102nd floor was originally a landing platform with a walkway dirigible. An elevator special traveling between the 86th and 102nd floors, was supposed to transport passengers after they were recorded in the observation deck on the 86th floor. However, the idea was impractical and dangerous after several attempts with aircraft, due to the powerful updrafts caused by the size of building. A large transmission tower was added to the top of the tower in 1953.
1945 plane crash
Main article: B-25 Empire State accident construction
Crash of a U.S. Army B-25 bomber July 28, 1945
At 9:40 amon Saturday, July 28, 1945, a B-25 Mitchell bomber, he tested in a thick fog by Lieutenant Colonel William Franklin Smith, Jr., crashed into the north side of Empire State Building, between 79 and 80 floors, where offices National Catholic Welfare Council were located. A kick motor on the side opposite the impact and flew to the next block, where it landed on the roof of a building distance, from a fire that destroyed an attic. The other engine and part of the landing gear collapsed on the elevator shaft. The resulting fire was extinguished in 40 minutes. 14 people died in the incident. Elevator operator Betty Lou Oliver survived a fall of 75 stories in an elevator, which still stands as the Guinness World Record for the elevator fall recorded more survived. Despite the damage and loss of life, the building was open for business on many floors the following Monday. The accident helped to stimulate the passage of the long wait Federal Tort Claims Act of 1946, as well as the insertion of retroactive provisions in the law, allowing people to sue the government by the accident.
A year later, another plane had a close encounter with the skyscraper. It narrowly missed striking the building.
Height records and comparisons
Height comparison in buildings in New York
The Empire State Building remained the tallest structure made by man in the world for 23 years before it was overtaken by Griffin Television Tower Oklahoma (KWTV Mast) in 1954. It was also the tallest structure standing in the world for 36 years before it was superseded by the Ostankino Tower in 1967.
The world's longest record held by the Empire State Building was the tallest building (at the height of construction) which it held for 42 years until it was surpassed by the North Tower of the World Trade Center in 1973. With the destruction of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 attacks, the Empire State Building again became the tallest building in New York, and the second tallest building in the Americas, now second only to the Tower Sears in Chicago. When measured by the height of peak, the Empire State Building is currently the third tallest building in the Americas, second only to the Tower Sears and the Trump International Hotel and Tower.
1 World Trade Center, currently under construction in New York, is expected to exceed the height of the Empire State building upon completion. The Chicago Spire is expected to exceed the height of the Empire State building underway, but construction has stopped due to financial problems.
Suicides
With years, more than thirty people have committed suicide from the top of the building. The first suicide occurred even before its completion, for a worker who had been fired. The fence around the observatory terrace was put in 1947 after five people tried to jump over a span of three weeks. On December 2, 1979, Elvita Adams jumped from the 86th floor, only to be flown back on the 85th floor and left with only a broken hip.
Shootings
Main article: 1997 Empire State Building shooting
On February 24, 1997, a Palestinian gunman shot seven people in the observation deck, killing one, then fatally shot.
Architecture
The Empire State Building (center image) is the tallest building in New York
Street View at the Empire State Building
The Empire State Building rises to 1,250 feet (381 m) on the floor 102, which includes the 203 feet (62 m) summit, reaches its maximum height in 1453 ft8916 (443.09 m). The building has 85 floors of retail and office space representing 2.158 million square feet (200.500 m2). It has an observation deck at interior and exterior on the 86th floor. The 16 stories represent the Art Deco tower, which is crowned by a 102nd floor observatory. At the top of the tower is 203 feet (62 m) summit, much of which is covered by antennas transmission, with a lightning rod on top.
The Empire State Building was the first building that has more than 100 plants. It has 6,500 windows and 73 elevators, and there are 1860 steps from the street to the floor 103. It has a total area of 2,768,591 square feet (257,211 m2), the base of the Empire State Building is about 2 acres (8094 m2). The building of 1,000 companies, and has its own zip code, 10 118. Since 2007, approximately 21,000 employees working in the building every day, making the Empire State Building the second largest single office complex in America, after the Pentagon. The building was completed in one year and 45 days. Its original 64 elevators are a central core, today, the Empire State Building has 73 elevators in total, including service elevators. It takes less than one minute by elevator to reach the 86th floor, where is an observation deck. The building consists of 70 miles (113 km) of pipe, 2.5 million feet (760,000 m) of electrical wire, and faucets close 9,000. [Citation needed] It is heated by low-pressure steam, despite its height, the building only requires between 2 and 3 psi (14 and 21 kPa) pressure steam for heating. It weighs approximately 370,000 short tons (340,000 t). The exterior of the building was constructed with panels of Indiana limestone.
The Empire State Building cost 40,948,900 dollars to build.
A series of mishaps causes the building to decrease with height.
Unlike most of today's skyscrapers, the Empire State Building has an Art Deco design, typical of pre-World War II, architecture in New York. The modernistic stainless steel canopies of the entrances to the 33rd and 34th streets two runners carry a great history, around the core of elevators, crossed by stainless steel and glass enclosed bridges at the second floor. The elevator core contains 67 lifts.
The lobby is three stories high and has an aluminum support of the skyscraper without the antenna, which has been added to the tower until 1952. The North Corridor contains eight illuminated panels, created by Roy Sparkia Nemorov and Rene in 1963, which represents the building as the Eighth Wonder of the World, along with the traditional seven.
Long term forecasting of the life cycle of the structure was carried out at the design stage to ensure that the building of future intended uses were not limited by the demands of previous generations. This is particularly evident in the excess of electrical system design of the building.
Projectors
Empire State Building with red lights and green for Christmas, as seen from the GE Building
Empire State Building, with normal white light, as seen from New Jersey
In 1964, lights were added to illuminate the top of the building at night, in colors chosen to coincide with seasonal events and others, like St. Patrick's Day, Christmas, Independence Day or Bastille Day. After the eightieth birthday and subsequent death of Frank Sinatra, for example, the building was bathed in blue light to represent the nickname singer, "Ol Blue Eyes'." After the death of actress Fay Wray (King Kong) in late 2004, the building was in complete darkness for 15 minutes.
The spotlights the building bathed in red, white and blue for several months after the destruction of the World Trade Center, then returned to standard time. Traditionally, in addition to the normal schedule, the building will glow with the colors of sports teams in New York on the nights they have home games (orange, blue and white for the New York Knicks, red, white and blue in the New York Rangers, and so on). The first weekend in June of the building is bathed the green light for the Belmont Stakes, held at nearby Belmont Park. The building is illuminated in yellow tennis ball during the tennis tournament, U.S. Open late August and early September. He was twice illuminated in red to support near Rutgers University: once for a football game against the University of Louisville November 9, 2006, and again on April 3, 2007, when the women's basketball team played in the national championship.
In 1995, the building was illuminated in blue, red, green and yellow for the launch of Microsoft's Windows 95 operating system, which began with a campaign of $ 300 million.
The building has also been known to be lighted in purple and white in honor of graduates of the University of New York.
Every September, the building is illuminated in black, red, and yellow, the lights were not enough (for black) to celebrate German-American Steuben Parade on Fifth Avenue.
The building was lit green for three days in honor of the Islamic Republic Eid ul-Fitr in October 2007. The lighting, the first of a Muslim holiday, is intended to be an annual event and repeated in 2008 and 2009. In December 2007, the building was illuminated yellow to signify the home video release of The Simpsons Movie.
Since April 2527, 2008, the building was lit in lavender, pink and white in celebration of the international pop diva Mariah Carey achievements in the world of music and the release of his eleventh studio album E = MC2. [Citation needed]
In late October 2008, the building was lit green in honor of the fifth anniversary of the acclaimed Broadway musical Wicked Kerry Ellis and Stephen Schwartz.
From 2008, the building along with New York and many other cities around the world participated in Earth Hour. The skyscraper lights were turned off for exactly one hour to save energy.
In September 2009, the building was lit by an orange night, in celebration of the exploration the island of Manhattan for 400 years before Henry Hudson. The Dutch Prince Willem-Alexander and Princess Maxima van Oranje were present and turned on the lights in the lobby.
In 2009, the building was lit by a night in red and yellow, the colors of the Communist People's Republic of China, to celebrate 60 years since its founding, amid controversy.
Observation decks
The Empire State Building Observatory is one of the outdoor world's most popular, having been visited by more than 110 million people. The observation deck on the 86th floor offers stunning 360 degree views of the city. A second observation deck on the floor 102, which is open to the public. It was closed in 1999 but reopened in November 2005. It is fully enclosed and much smaller than the first, but that may be closed on days of heavy traffic. Tourists can pay to visit the observation deck on the 86th floor and the floor amount for 102. Lines for enter the observation decks, as the site of the building are "as legendary as the building itself:" there are five of these: the sidewalk line, the line elevator lobby, the line to purchase tickets, elevator line second, and the line down the elevator and observation deck. By an extra fee tourists can jump to the front of the line.
The skyscraper observation deck is home to several television movies, and classic literature, including An Affair to Remember, Love Affair and Sleepless in Seattle. In the Empire the Latin American literary work by Giannina Braschi dreams platform observation is the site of a revolution pastoral herders take over New York City. The deck was also the site of a Martian invasion in an old I Love Lucy episode.
A panoramic view of the city of New York from 86th floor balcony of the Empire State Building, Spring 2005
New York Skyride
View from Macy's
The Empire State Building also has a motion simulator attraction located on the second floor. Opened in 1994 as a complement to the observation cover, the New York Skyride (or NY Skyride) is a simulated aerial tour over the city. The theatrical presentation lasts approximately 25 minutes.
Since its opening, the ride has gone through two incarnations. The original version, which ran from 1994 until around 2002, featured James Doohan, Scotty from Star Trek, as airplane pilot, who tried to maintain controlled flight humor during a storm, with the tour to take an unexpected route through the subway, Coney Island, and FAO Schwartz, among other places. After September 11, however, the ride was closed, and an updated version debuted in mid-2002 to actor Kevin Bacon as the pilot. The new version of the story tried to make the attraction more educational, and included some minor post-9/11 patriotic shades of flashbacks World Trade Center. The new flight was also crazy, but this segment is much shorter than the original.
Broadcast Stations
New York is the largest market Media in the United States. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, almost all stations in the commercial city of broadcasting (both television and FM radio) have transmitted from the top of Empire State Building, although a few FM stations are in the nearby Cond Nast. Most of New York City AM stations in little over Hudson River in New Jersey.
Communications devices for broadcast stations is located at the top of the Empire State Building.
Broadcasting began at Empire December 22, 1931, when RCA began transmitting experimental television broadcasts from a small antenna erected over the needle. It leased the 85th floor and built a laboratory, 1934CA andn was joined by Edwin Howard Armstrong in a cooperative venture to test the antenna system FM Empire. When Armstrong and RCA dropped in 1935 and his team was eliminated from FM, the 85th floor became home to the operations of the New York RCA television, first as a channel W2XBS experimental station 1, which eventually became (on July 1, 1941) WNBT commercial station, Channel 1 (now WNBC-TV Channel 4). Station NBC's FM (Weafer-FM, now WQHT) began broadcasting from the antenna in 1940. NBC retained exclusive use of the top of the Empire until 1950, when the FCC ordered the exclusive deal broken, based on consumer complaints that a common need for the (now) seven television stations in New York so that receiving antennas are transmitted not have to be constantly adjusted. The construction of a giant tower began. Other broadcasters then joined RCA at Empire, on the 83rd, 82nd, 81st and plants, often leading to sister FM stations along the walk. Multiple TV and FM broadcasts started from the new tower in 1951. In 1965, a separate group FM antennas were built touching the 103rd observation area. When the World Trade Center was built, it caused serious problems for TV channels, many which then moved to World Trade Center as it was finished. This made possible the renewal of the antenna structure and transmission plant for the benefit of FM stations remaining there, which were soon joined by other FMs and UHF TV moving from elsewhere in the metropolitan area. The destruction of the World Trade Center required a lot of shuffling of antennas and transmitter rooms to accommodate stations back uptown.
Since 2009, Empire State Building is home to the following stations:
TV: WCBS-TV 2, WNBC-TV 4, 5, WNYW, WABC-TV 7, WWOR TV 9 Secaucus, WPIX-TV 11, WNET 13 Newark, WNYE-TV 25, TV WPXN 31, 41 WXTV Paterson, Linden 47 WNJU and WFUT-TV 68 in Newark
FM: 92.3 WXRK, WPAT-FM 93.1 Paterson, WNYC-FM 93.9, WPLJ 95.5, 96.3 WXNY, WQHT-FM 97.1, WSKQ-FM 97.9, WRKS-FM 98.7, WBAI 99.5, 100.3 WHTZ Newark, WCBS-FM 101.1, 101.9 WRXP, WWF 102.7, 103.5 WKTU Lake Success, WAXQ 104.3, 105.1 WWPR-FM, WQXR-FM 105.9 Newark, WLTW 106.7 and 107.5 WBLS
Empire State Building acceleration
The Empire State Building Run-Up is a foot race from the ground to the observation deck of the 86 floors has been held annually since 1978. Its participants are known as runners and climbers, often running enthusiasts tower. The race covers a vertical distance 1050 feet (320 m) and takes 1576 steps. The record time is 9 minutes and 33 seconds, achieved by Australian professional cyclist Paul Crake in 2003, rising at a rate of 6593 feet (2010 m) per hour.
In popular culture
Film
Perhaps the representation of popular culture's most famous building is in the film 1933 King Kong, in which the main character, giant ape, climbs to the top to escape his captors, but falls to his death. In 1983, for the 50th anniversary of the film, an inflatable King Kong was included in the present building. In 2005, a remake of King Kong was released, set in 1930 New York City, including a final showdown between Kong and bi-drawings on a large Empire State Building. (The 1976 remake of King Kong was established in a contemporary New York and held its climactic scene in World Trade Center towers.)
The drama of the romantic 1939 film Love Affair involves a couple who plans to meet with the top of the Empire State Building, an appointment that is avoided by a car accident. The film was remade in 1957 (as An Affair to Remember) and 1994 (again as Love Affair). The film Sleepless in Seattle 1993, a romantic comedy partly inspired by An Affair to Remember, culminating with a scene in the observatory of the Empire State.
Andy Warhol's 1964 silent film Empire is one continuous eight-hour shot of the Empire State Building at night, shot in black and white. In 2004, the National Film Registry deemed its cultural significance worthy of preservation in Library of Congress.
The movie Independence Day has the Empire State Building as ground zero for alien attack, is devastated by foreign weapon Primary incinerated most of New York.
Many other movies are the Empire State Building is listed on the site of the building.
TV
The Empire State Building appears in the 1966 Doctor Who serial The prosecution, in which the TARDIS lands on the roof of the building, The Doctor and his companions leave fairly quickly, however, because the Daleks are close behind them. A Dalek is also seen in the roof of the building while questioning a human being. In 2007, episodes Doctor Who "Daleks in Manhattan" and "Evolution of the Daleks" also included the construction, which are used as building Daleks a lightning rod. Russell T. Davies said in an article that "in his mind", said the Daleks the building since your last visit.
The Discovery Channel shows Mythbusters tested the urban legend that says if one drops a coin from the top of the Empire State Building could kill someone or put a crater in the pavement. The result was that by the time the coin hits the ground, going about 65 mph (105 km / h) (terminal velocity of an object of its mass and shape), which is not fast enough to cause fatal injuries or put a crater in the pavement. The urban legend is a joke in the musical Avenue Q 2003, where a character from the top of the building waiting for an appointment throws a penny in sidenly to beat his opponent.
Literature
HG Wells 1933 science-fiction novel The Shape of Things to Come, written in the form of a history book published in the distant future, includes the following passage: "Until quite recently Lower New York was the oldest city in the world, unique in its dark age. The last of the old skyscraper, the Empire State Building, is even today demolished in 2106 CE. "
In the science fiction novel The Rebel of RHAD by Robert Cham Gilman (Alfred Coppel), to be held in a gradient Galactic Empire in the distant future, New York is an ancient city that was destroyed and rebuilt countless times. His biggest and oldest building of ruins piled up to half of its height, is known simply as "La Torre" Empire, but it is Obviously, the Empire State Building.
1980 David Macaulay deconstruction illustrated book describes the Empire State Building to be bought by a Middle Eastern millionaire and dismantled piece by piece, to be transported to their country of origin and reconstructed there.
The Empire State Building, a landmark so much as an adjustment and integral frame large from Michael Chabon, Pulitzer Prize Winner 2000 novel, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay.
In the book series Percy Jackson, Mount Olympus is on the Empire State Building, and there is a special elevator in the building to the ground "600th", which is supposed to Olympus.
Tenants
Notable tenants of the building include:
Alitalia, Suite 3700
Croatian National Tourist Board, Suite 4003
Philippine Journalist, Suite 601
Human Rights Watch, 34th Floor
Cultural Polish Institute in New York, Suite 4621
Senegal Tourist Office, Suite 3118
TAROM, Suite 1410
The King's College, Suite 1500
tenants above include:
National Tourist Office China (currently located at 370 Lexington Avenue)
National Film Board of Canada (now located at 1123 Broadway)
Nathaniel Branden Institute
Gallery
A view up the Empire State Building Broadway
The top of the Empire State Building
Looking up
Looking down
Looking to Times Square
Art deco elevators in the lobby
Panoramic view of Midtown Manhattan from the deck observational
The Empire State Building lights up in yellow and red for the 60th anniversary of the PRC
See also
New York portal
world's tallest freestanding structure on earth
History of tallest skyscrapers
List of skyscrapers
List of tallest buildings U.S. state
References
Notes
Ab ^ The Empire State Building is in the zip code 10 001, but 10 118 were assigned as own the building zip code. Source: USPS.
^ National Geodetic KU3602 datasheet, Retrieved 07/26/2009
^ Ab Willis, Carol (1995). "Empire State Building." in Kenneth T. Jackson. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT and London and New York: University Press of Yale and New York Historical Society. pp. 375 376.
^ ESBNYC.com
^ Pollak, Michael (April 23, 2006). "75 YEARS" FYI. The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03EEDD153FF930A15757C0A9609C8B63&scp=4&sq = "Empire state building" height of 1454 & st = cse. Retrieved 10/31/2009.
^ SkyscraperPage Empire State Building, the source height Antenna: CTBUH, plant height source: Empire State Building Company LLC
Ab ^ Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Empire State Building Cool Facts and Trivia." About.com. http://history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirefacts.htm. Retrieved on 08/11/2008.
Ab ^ White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot, AIA Guide to New York City, 4th edition, New York Chapter, American Institute of Architects and Crown Publishers. 2000. p.226.
^ ab "Empire State Building." National Historic Landmark summary listing. Park Service National. 2007-09-11. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1842&ResourceType=Building.
^ Carolyn Pitts (April 26, 1985). "Empire State Building "(PDF). National Historic Nomination of reference. National Park Service. Http: / / pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/82001192.pdf.
^ "Empire State Buildingccompanying 7 photos, exterior and interior, from 1978." (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Inventory. National Park Service. 26/04/1985. http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/82001192.pdf.
^ W & H Building Empire State Properties
^ Skyscrapers to be more Green, hoping to attract tenants
^ "National Register Information System." National Register of Historic Places. Service National Parks. 23/01/2007. http://www.nr.nps.gov/.
^ Reynolds Building. Retrieved on November 15, 2008.
^ Skyline Cincinnati, Waymarketing.com
^ "Thirteen Months to Go", Geraldine B. Wagner, 2003 Quintet Publishing Ltd., pg. 32
^
^
^
^ About.com Empire State Building Trivia and interesting facts
^ "Lewis Wickes Hine: The Construction of Empire State Building, 19301931 (New York Public Library collection of photography) "
^ "Icarus atop Empire State, Lewis Wickes Hine, New York Public Library Photography Collection"
Retrieved ^ Tower Lights History 16/12/2007
^ NYT Travel: Empire State Building
^ "A market tenants' in London." August 18, 2008.
^ Ew York: A Documentary Film.
^ Ab Shanor, Rebecca Lee (1995). "The projects not built." Kenneth T. Jackson. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT and London and New York: Yale University Press and the New York Historical Society. pp. 12,081,209.
^ Goldman, Jonathan (1980). The Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 44.
^ "750th Squadron, 457th Bombardment Group: Board from 1943 to 1945." http://www.457thbombgroup.org/New/750thSquad.html. Retrieved on 2009-04-06.
^ "Empire State Building withstood airplane impact"
^ "Plane Hits Building Woman Survives 75-Story Fall"
guinnessworldrecords.com ^
^ "The day a bomber hit the Empire State Building." National Public Radio. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92987873. Retrieved on 28/07/2008. "Eight months after the accident, the U.S. government offered money to the families of the victims. Some accepted, but others began a lawsuit that resulted in landmark legislation. The Federal Tort Claims Act of 1946, for the first time, gave American citizens the right to sue the federal government. "
^ Glanz, James Lipton and Eric (9/8/2002). "The level of ambition." The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F02E2DD1F3FF93BA3575AC0A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=10.
^ iht.com
^ Compass American Guides: Manhattan, 4th edition. Reavill, Gil Zimmerman, Jean P. 160.
^ George H. Douglas, Skyscraper, p. 173
^ New York.com Empire State Building: Empire State Building Suicide
^ Geoffrey Broughton, expressions, p. 32
^ The construction of the Empire State Reserve, Jonathan Goldman, St. Martin's Press, 1980, p.63
^ Empire State Building: Official Internet Site
^ Lelyveld, Joseph (February 23, 1964). "The State Empire glow at night. "The New York Times. Http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B11FE385F137A8EDDAA0A94DA405B848AF1D3.
^ thevillager.com
^ ab Empire State Building lighting schedule
^ espn.com
^ Washington Post
^
^ Empire State Building Goes Green for Muslim holiday
^ Empire State adorns yellow to celebrate Simpsons Movie
^ Http: / / www.broadway.com/Empire-State-Building-Goes-Green-for-Wicked-Birthday-Final-Yellow-Brick-Road-Cast-Announced/broadway_news/5013909
^ Ab https: / / www.esbnyc.com/tickets/index.cfm?CFID=28691766&CFTOKEN=35278567
^ "Ten things you should not do in New York"
NYRR ^ Empire State Building Vespers Crowns Dold and Walsham as Champions, riders in New York by road
^ Previous winners Empire State Building Race
www.esbnyc.com ^
^ Http: / / gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301391h.html
^ Abcdefgh "Foreigners who come to 350 Fifth Avenue." Real Estate Weekly. June 30, 2004.
^ "FAQ." Alitalia (United Kingdom website.) Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "Claims and Suggestions." Alitalia (United Kingdom website.) Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ Principal. Croatian National Tourist Board. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact." Filipino Reporter. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact." Human Rights Watch. Accessed September 4, 2008.
^ Homepage. Institute Polish Culture in New York. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ Tourist Information Senegal. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "Agencies Travel for plane tickets to Romania. "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "The King's College." http://www.tkc.edu/. Retrieved on 01/11/2008.
^ "Contact Us." China National Tourist Office. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact." National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ In Answer to Ayn Rand by Nathaniel Branden on the website of his ex-wife
Further reading
Aaseng, Nathan. (1999). Construction: Building the Impossible. Minneapolis, MN: Oliver Press. ISBN 1-881-50859-5.
Bascomb, Neal. (2003). Superior: A historic race with the sky and the construction of a city. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50660-0.
Goldman, Jonathan. (1980). The Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-24455-X.
James, Theodore, Jr. (1975). The Empire State Building. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-060-12172-6.
Kingwell, Mark. (2006). Up close to heaven: The Empire State Building and American Dreams. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10622-X.
Pacelle, Mitchell. (2001). Empire: A History of obsession, betrayal, and the Battle for an American icon. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-40394-6.
Tauranac, Chon. (1995). The Empire State Building: The Making of of a signal. New York: Scribner. ISBN 0-684-19678-6.
Wagner, Geraldine B. (2003). Thirteen months before: The Creation of the Empire State Building. San Diego, CA: Press Thunder Bay. ISBN 1-592-23105-5.
Willis, Carol (ed). (1998). Empire State Building. New York: WW Norton. ISBN 0-393-73030-1.
External Links
Wikimedia Commons Retrieved on Empire State Building
Look up the Empire State Building in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
The Empire State Building official website
Commercial Construction.com
Lighting Schedule
Empire State Green Building Retrofit
Trivia Empire State Building
Data from the Empire State Building
The construction of the Empire State Building, 19301931, New York Public Library
VIVA2, online file Skyscraper Museum, over 500 photos Construction of the Empire State Building.
New York Executive Guide to the Empire State Top of the Rock vs compare views.
The Empire State Building in the Structurae
Records
Preceded by
Chrysler Building
world's tallest structure
1931 1954
Succeeded
KWTV Mast
highest world freestanding structure on land
1931 1967
Succeeded
Ostankino Tower
World's Tallest Building
1931 1972
Succeeded
World Trade Center
The tallest building in the United States
1931 1972
The tallest building in New York City
1931 1972
Preceded by
World Trade Center
The tallest building in New York City
This 2001
Holder

Other items and issues that the Empire State Building
EV
Supertall skyscrapers

Current
North America
Aon Center AT & T Corporate Center Bank of Bank of America Plaza American Tower Empire State Building Chrysler Canada Place First JPMorgan Chase Tower John Hancock Center The New York Times Building Chicago Trump Tower Two Prudential United Plaza Bank Tower Wells Fargo Bank Plaza Tower Willis
Asia
Baiyoke Tower II Bank of China Tower The Center Central Plaza China World Trade Center Tower III CITIC Plaza International Finance Center Jin Mao Tower Menara Telekom Minsheng Bank Building Nina Tower One Island East Petronas Towers Plaza Shanghai World Financial Center Shimao International Taipei Shun Hing Tuntex Sky Tower Plaza 101
Europe
Capital City
Australia
Eureka Tower Q1
Middle East
Khalifa Al Burj Tower Almas Tower Burj Arab Emirates Emirates Office Towers Hotel United Center Rose Tower The Burj Dubai Centre Division

Under construction
North America
1 World Trade Center 175 Greenwich Street
South America
Gran Torre Costanera
Asia
151 Incheon Busan Lotte Tower 117 Goldin Finance Eton Center Dalian World Landmark Digital Media City Building Pacific East Gate Business Center East Plaza Gezhouba Construction International Financial World Gramercy Residences International Grand Mansion (The Pinnacle) Guangzhou International Finance Center Forum Pendants Huaxi Village India Keangnam Center Tower 66 International Trade Finance Tower of Hanoi Leatop Kingkey Landmark Tower Plaza Nanjing Greenland Financial Center Northeast Asia Trade Tower Parc1 Tower A Pearl River Tower Tower Tower Ryugyong Hotel Shanghai China and Steel Center International Trade Tianjin Tianjin Wenzhou World Trade Center Tower Zenith We Elena Palace Pier White Magnolia MahaNakhon
Europe
City Hall and City Duma Mercury City Shard London Bridge Tower
Middle East
23 Marina Abraj Al Bait Towers Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower Al Hamra Tower Tower Foundation Al Quds Al Arraya Tower 2 Bin Yaqoub Twin Towers Manana (Lam Tara) Torres Project Burj Al Alam DAMAC Heights Central Market Dubai Pearl Dubai Towers Doha Elite Residence Emirates Park Towers HHHR Tower Infinity Index Lamar Tower The Landmark Towers Marina 101 Marina Torch Pentominium Tower Ocean Heights Princess Tower Sky

Construction suspended
868 Towers Offices and Center BDNI Needle 1 Chicago Hotel Dalian International Trade Center Doha Convention Center Tower Panama Eurasia Faros Tower Jakarta JW Marriott International Finance Centre Faro Tower Plaza Rakyat Skycity Tower Square Capital Tianlong Hotel Waterview Tower Xiamen Post & Telecommunications Building

Former
World Trade Center
See Proposed supertall also skyscrapers List of buildings architects supertall
EV
New York Historic Sites
NRHP: Manhattan Brooklyn Queens Staten Island Bronx NHL: New York State
New York: Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island
EV
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
In charge History Registry National Register of Historic Places Property types Historic district Contributing property
Entry List
Service National Parks National Historic Landmarks National Battlefields National Historic Sites National Historical Parks National Monuments National Monuments
EV
Popular visitor attractions in New York
Times Square (35M) Central Park (20M) Metropolitan Museum of Art (5.2m) Statue of Liberty (4.24M), American Museum of Natural History (4M) Empire State Building (4M) Museum of Modern Art (2.67 m)
Categories: 1931 architecture | Accidents involving fog | buildings Art Deco in New York City | Fifth Avenue (Manhattan) world's tallest buildings | Former de | National Historic Landmarks in New York City buildings | Office New York | National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan | Skyscrapers in New York | Skyscrapers over 350 meters | attractions of New York buildings City | Manhattan Office Categories | Art Deco skyscrapersHidden: Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism | Wikipedia pages protected nonperishables | All articles lacking sources | Articles lacking reliable references from September 2008 | Articles lacking reliable references from May 2009 About the Author

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